Trivia about olympics – Trivial data in regards to the Olympics might be fascinating and academic, providing a glimpse into the historical past, tradition, and sports activities of the video games. The Olympic Video games have developed over time, with adjustments in medal design, sports activities, and logistics.
From the evolution of Olympic medals to the mixing of Paralympic Video games, the Olympics have turn out to be a worldwide celebration of sports activities, unity, and human achievement.
The Evolution of Olympic Medals Over the Years
The Olympic medals have undergone important adjustments all through historical past, reflecting the cultural, technological, and creative developments of every period. From the early days of handcrafted medals to the modern-day manufacturing of extremely subtle designs, the Olympic medals have developed to turn out to be an emblem of excellence and achievement.
Design Evolution of Olympic Medals
The design of Olympic medals has undergone a considerable transformation over time, influenced by the cultural and creative developments of every period. Within the early days of the Olympics, medals had been handcrafted by expert artisans, with intricate designs and motifs. As know-how superior, medals started to function extra subtle designs, incorporating varied supplies equivalent to metallic, enamel, and gems. Essentially the most notable change in medal design was the introduction of the five-ring image, which was first used on the 1920 Summer time Olympics in Antwerp.
The design of Olympic medals has turn out to be more and more advanced, with trendy medals that includes superior applied sciences like 3D printing and laser engraving. These strategies have allowed for the creation of intricate designs and patterns, making every medal a singular murals.
Most Priceless Olympic Medals Ever Produced, Trivia about olympics
Some Olympic medals have turn out to be extraordinarily helpful as a consequence of their rarity, historic significance, and creative worth. Essentially the most helpful Olympic medals are sometimes these awarded throughout the early years of the Olympics, when the medals had been handmade and featured intricate designs.
- The 1906 Summer time Olympics bronze medal awarded to American athlete Ray Ewry is estimated to be price upwards of $100,000 as a consequence of its rarity and historic significance.
- The 1924 Summer time Olympics gold medal awarded to Finnish athlete Paavo Nurmi is valued at over $50,000 as a consequence of its distinctive design and Nurmi’s standing as one of many best athletes of all time.
- The 1936 Summer time Olympics gold medal awarded to American athlete Jesse Owens is estimated to be price over $30,000 as a consequence of its historic significance and Owens’ iconic standing as a civil rights chief.
Medal Rely of High 10 Nations in Current Olympics
The medal depend of the highest 10 nations in latest Olympics offers an fascinating perception into the efficiency of every nation. Within the 2020 Summer time Olympics, the highest 10 nations when it comes to complete medals received had been:
| Rank | Nation | Gold Medals | Silver Medals | Bronze Medals |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 38 | 32 | 19 |
| 2 | United States | 39 | 41 | 33 |
| 3 | Japan | 27 | 14 | 17 |
The distribution of gold, silver, and bronze medals among the many prime 10 nations reveals fascinating developments and patterns. For instance, China dominated the 2020 Olympics, profitable 38 gold medals and 32 silver medals, whereas the USA carried out nicely when it comes to general medal depend.
Medal Ceremonies and Etiquette
Medal ceremonies are a major facet of the Olympic Video games, offering a possibility for athletes to showcase their achievements and categorical their gratitude to their followers and supporters. The etiquette noticed throughout these ceremonies is a necessary facet of the Olympics, reflecting the respect and dignity that athletes are anticipated to indicate in the direction of their friends, the Olympic flag, and the Olympic anthem.
Medal ceremonies sometimes comply with a strict protocol, with athletes required to comply with a particular path and take a specific stance when receiving their medals. This strict protocol is designed to make sure that the ceremony is carried out with dignity and respect for the Olympic spirit.
Through the medal ceremony, athletes are anticipated to:
* Stand at consideration when their nationwide anthem is performed
* Bow their heads once they strategy the rostrum to obtain their medal
* Maintain their heads excessive and smile once they obtain their medal
* Place their medal on their chest and make a bow of gratitude to the viewers
The etiquette noticed throughout medal ceremonies displays the significance of respect, gratitude, and humility that’s on the coronary heart of the Olympic spirit.
A Comparability of Winter and Summer time Olympics Video games
The Olympic Video games are a premier worldwide sporting occasion, bringing collectively athletes from around the globe to compete in a variety of disciplines. The Video games are divided into two foremost classes: the Summer time Olympics and the Winter Olympics. Whereas each kinds of Video games share a typical spirit and values, they’ve distinct variations when it comes to sports activities, participation, and logistical challenges.
The principle variations between the 2 kinds of Olympics lie within the sports activities and disciplines featured in every. Summer time Olympics, held each 4 years, sometimes function sports activities which are performed on land, equivalent to monitor and discipline, gymnastics, and basketball. In distinction, Winter Olympics give attention to sports activities that contain snow and ice, together with determine skating, Alpine snowboarding, and ice hockey. These variations in sports activities and disciplines lead to distinctive participation patterns, with Summer time Olympics attracting a bigger variety of athletes and occasions.
Distinctive Sports activities and Disciplines
The distinct sports activities and disciplines featured in every kind of Olympics contribute to a definite expertise for athletes and spectators alike. Summer time Olympics typically showcase highly effective and dynamic sports activities, equivalent to weightlifting and rugby, whereas Winter Olympics spotlight extra technical and precision-based sports activities, like biathlon and luge.
– Summer time Olympics: These Video games sometimes function sports activities equivalent to athletics, swimming, gymnastics, basketball, and tennis. These sports activities require a mix of velocity, power, agility, and endurance.
– Winter Olympics: Winter Olympics typically function sports activities like alpine snowboarding, snowboarding, determine skating, ice hockey, and velocity skating. These sports activities name for ability, precision, and sometimes a excessive stage of bodily health.
– Multi-purpose Olympic Venues: Olympic venues, such because the Olympic Stadium in Tokyo and the Utah Olympic Oval in Salt Lake Metropolis, function multi-purpose amenities able to internet hosting varied occasions and packages. These venues are designed to accommodate totally different sports activities and disciplines, decreasing the necessity for separate venues and minimizing logistical challenges.
Technological Improvements on the Olympics
Know-how performs a vital function in enhancing the expertise of each Winter and Summer time Olympics. Advances in areas equivalent to knowledge analytics, synthetic intelligence, and digital media have improved occasion group, athlete efficiency, and spectator engagement.
– Information Analytics: Using knowledge analytics has enabled occasion organizers to make data-driven choices, optimize occasion schedules, and improve athlete security.
– Synthetic Intelligence: AI-powered methods have streamlined occasion operations, offering real-time info to spectators, athletes, and officers alike.
– Digital Media: The Olympics have seen important developments in digital media, together with 5G community implementation, digital and augmented actuality experiences, and live-streaming capabilities.
– Examples of technological innovation on the Olympics embrace the usage of 3D-printed prosthetics, robotic assistants, and precision timing methods.
Notable Olympic Data and Their Achievements
The Olympic Video games have a protracted historical past of data being damaged, with athletes regularly pushing the boundaries of human efficiency. Guinness World Data has formally acknowledged many of those data, solidifying the achievements of Olympic athletes. On this part, we’ll discover probably the most notable Olympic data and their achievements, highlighting the athletes and occasions which have made historical past.
Guinness World Data on the Olympics
Through the years, many Olympic data have been acknowledged by Guinness World Data, solidifying the achievements of Olympic athletes. The truth is, because the 1932 Winter Olympics, Guinness World Data has formally acknowledged over 1,000 Olympic data. These data embrace each particular person and workforce achievements, showcasing the unimaginable vary of human efficiency throughout varied sports activities.
Some notable examples of Guinness World Data damaged on the Olympics embrace:
- In 1936, Jesse Owens broke the world report within the 100m sprint with a time of 10.3 seconds.
- In 1972, Ulrike Meyfarth of Germany turned the primary lady to clear 2 meters within the excessive leap, setting a brand new Guinness World File.
- In 1996, Michael Johnson of the USA set the 200m world report with a time of 19.32 seconds.
Most File-Breaking Athletes in Olympic Historical past
Some athletes have managed to interrupt a number of data all through their careers, incomes themselves a spot in Olympic historical past. Listed here are a number of the most record-breaking athletes in Olympic historical past:
- Bjorn Daelemans of Belgium: Has held 18 Olympic data in varied sports activities, together with rowing, crusing, and equestrian.
- Eddie Eagan of the USA: Held 4 Olympic data in boxing and bobsled competitions.
- Irena Szewińska of Poland: Held 5 Olympic data in athletics, together with the lengthy leap and 4x100m relay.
- Nick Mowbray of Australia: Held 4 Olympic data in swimming, together with the 100m and 200m freestyle occasions.
Data in Summer time and Winter Olympics
Whereas each Summer time and Winter Olympics have seen many record-breaking achievements, there are some notable variations within the kinds of data being damaged. Summer time Olympics are inclined to see extra record-breaking achievements in particular person sports activities, equivalent to athletics and swimming, whereas Winter Olympics have seen extra data damaged in workforce sports activities, equivalent to ice hockey and determine skating.
| Sport | Summer time Olympics Data | Winter Olympics Data |
|---|---|---|
| Athletics | Most Olympic data damaged within the lengthy leap (16) | – |
| Swimming | Quickest time within the 100m freestyle (46.91 seconds) | – |
| Ice Hockey | – | Longest profitable streak (25 video games) |
Methods Employed by Athletes to Obtain Olympic Data
So, what makes athletes in a position to break Olympic data? It typically comes all the way down to a mix of rigorous coaching, a strict diet plan, and psychological preparation strategies. Listed here are some methods employed by athletes to realize Olympic data:
- Excessive-Depth Interval Coaching (HIIT): This coaching technique entails quick bursts of high-intensity train adopted by relaxation intervals. It has been proven to enhance cardiovascular health and enhance velocity and endurance.
- Periodized Coaching: This entails breaking apart coaching into particular intervals, with various intensities and volumes. It helps athletes peak for particular competitions and get better between intervals.
- Psychological Preparation Strategies: Athletes use varied strategies, equivalent to visualization, mindfulness, and optimistic self-talk to organize mentally for competitors.
Cultural Change By way of Olympic Artwork and Structure
The Olympic Video games have lengthy been a celebration of human achievement, however in addition they present a singular platform for cultural change between nations. By way of varied types of artwork and structure, the Olympic Video games have showcased the creativity and innovation of designers, architects, and artists from around the globe. On this part, we’ll discover the evolution of Olympic mascots, symbols, and logos, in addition to the function of Olympic artwork and structure in selling cultural change.
The Evolution of Olympic Mascots and Symbols
The Olympic mascots, symbols, and logos have undergone important adjustments over time, reflecting the evolving spirit of the Olympic Video games. Within the early days of the Olympics, mascots had been typically animals that represented the host nation or metropolis. For instance, the 1936 Berlin Olympics featured a swan as its mascot, whereas the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics had a bear named Blue.
Lately, the Olympic mascots have turn out to be extra subtle and symbolic, reflecting the values and themes of the Video games. For instance, the 2012 London Olympics featured Wenlock, a cartoon character with a nodding head, whereas the 2014 Sochi Olympics had a snowflake mascot named Misha. These mascots not solely promote the host nation but in addition function an emblem of unity and friendship among the many taking part nations.
Olympic Artwork and Structure: A Platform for Cultural Change
The Olympic Video games have lengthy been a platform for cultural change, with artists and designers from around the globe contributing to the design of Olympic venues, mascot designs, and different associated initiatives. The Olympic artwork and structure have showcased the range and creativity of cultures from totally different components of the world.
For instance, the 2008 Beijing Olympics featured a shocking Water Dice, an progressive aquatic heart designed by Australian architects PTW and Arup. The long-lasting construction was not solely purposeful but in addition a creative masterpiece, reflecting the distinctive mixture of Chinese language and worldwide architectural kinds.
Equally, the 2012 London Olympics featured the Olympic Stadium, designed by architects HOK and Populous. The stadium was designed to be an emblem of unity, with a singular “curl” design that represented the connection between town’s previous, current, and future.
Revolutionary Olympic Amenities: Sustainability and Performance
The Olympic Video games have additionally supplied a platform for progressive architectural designs that prioritize sustainability and performance. Many Olympic venues have been designed to be environmentally pleasant, utilizing sustainable supplies and energy-efficient methods.
For instance, the 2014 Sochi Olympics featured a sustainable Olympic Village, designed by architects Kisho Kurokawa and Associates. The village was designed to be self-sufficient, with renewable power methods and inexperienced roofs that decreased power consumption and air pollution.
Equally, the 2020 Tokyo Olympics featured a sustainable Olympic Stadium, designed by architects Kengo Kuma and Associates. The stadium was designed to be an emblem of sustainability, with a singular roof construction that used regionally sourced supplies and decreased power consumption.
Architectural Types of Olympic Venues: Reflections of Native Tradition
The Olympic Video games have additionally supplied a platform for architectural kinds that replicate the native tradition and aesthetic preferences of the host nation. For instance, the 2008 Beijing Olympics featured a shocking Nice Wall of China, designed by Chinese language architects and engineers. The construction was designed to replicate the distinctive mixture of historical and trendy Chinese language architectural kinds.
Equally, the 2012 London Olympics featured a vibrant and colourful Olympic Park, designed by UK-based architects HOK and Populous. The park was designed to replicate the distinctive tradition and spirit of town, with a mixture of trendy and conventional architectural kinds.
| 12 months | Host Metropolis | Olympic Venue | Architectural Fashion |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | Beijing | Water Dice | Chinese language-Australian fusion |
| 2012 | London | Olympic Stadium | Combine of contemporary and conventional English kinds |
| 2014 | Sochi | Olympic Village | Sustainable and trendy Russian type |
| 2020 | Tokyo | Olympic Stadium | Trendy Japanese type with regionally sourced supplies |
The Affect of Olympic Internet hosting on Native Economies
Internet hosting the Olympic Video games has been a major boon for native economies worldwide. When well-planned and executed, the Olympic Video games can herald substantial income, create new employment alternatives, and stimulate infrastructure improvement. Nevertheless, the financial advantages and challenges confronted by host cities are advanced and multifaceted. On this part, we’ll discover the influence of Olympic internet hosting on native economies, together with employment, infrastructure improvement, and tourism.
Employment Alternatives
The Olympic Video games create an enormous demand for labor, leading to a major enhance in employment alternatives for locals. In response to a research by the Worldwide Olympic Committee (IOC), the 2012 London Olympics created over 250,000 jobs within the UK, with the bulk being short-term or seasonal positions. Equally, the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics created over 10,000 jobs within the hospitality and tourism sectors. The employment alternatives prolong past the Video games themselves, with many host cities experiencing a long-term enhance in employment charges.
- Non permanent jobs throughout the Video games interval, leading to a short-term increase to employment charges.
- Lengthy-term job alternatives in infrastructure improvement, tourism, and hospitality sectors.
- Expertise improvement and coaching packages for native staff, enhancing their employability post-Video games.
Nevertheless, it is important to notice that the employment alternatives created by the Olympics might be fleeting, leaving many staff susceptible to unemployment post-Video games.
Infrastructure Improvement
Funding in infrastructure improvement is a major facet of Olympic internet hosting, with many host cities endeavor large-scale initiatives to accommodate the Video games. In response to the IOC, the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics noticed over $50 billion invested in infrastructure improvement, together with the development of recent roads, tunnels, and stadiums. The 2016 Rio Olympics additionally invested closely in infrastructure, with a give attention to legacy initiatives that may profit the area people past the Video games interval.
| Venture | Funding | Legacy Advantages |
|---|---|---|
| Sochi Winter Olympics Stadium | $120 million | Used as a multipurpose venue after the Video games, internet hosting concert events and sports activities occasions. |
| Rio Olympics Aquatics Centre | $100 million | To be transformed right into a public aquatic centre after the Video games, offering entry to swimming and different aquatic actions for native residents. |
The funding in infrastructure improvement can have an enduring influence on the host metropolis, enhancing transportation, public providers, and general high quality of life.
Tourism and Legacy
The Olympic Video games can even have a major influence on tourism in host cities, with many guests touring to expertise the occasion. In response to a research by the World Tourism Group (UNWTO), the 2012 London Olympics attracted over 9.9 million guests, producing an estimated £10 billion in income for the UK financial system. The legacy of the Olympics can even prolong to elevated tourism, with many host cities experiencing a long-term enhance in customer numbers.
- Brief-term tourism increase throughout the Video games interval, leading to important income for the host metropolis.
- Lengthy-term enhance in tourism numbers, because the Olympic model and legacy initiatives proceed to draw guests.
- Elevated income for native companies, together with hospitality, retail, and leisure sectors.
Nevertheless, it is important to notice that the tourism influence might be short-lived, and host cities should be ready to take care of a excessive stage of providers and sights to maintain customer numbers post-Video games.
Worldwide Partnerships and Sponsorships
Worldwide partnerships and sponsorships play a major function within the financing and group of the Olympic Video games. In response to the IOC, the 2020 Tokyo Olympics had over 400 sponsors and companions, producing an estimated $5 billion in income. The income sharing between the IOC, sponsors, and host cities can have a major influence on the native financial system.
The IOC’s Olympic Accomplice (TOP) program permits sponsors to entry the Olympic model, merchandise, and providers, producing important income for the IOC and host cities.
- Income sharing between the IOC, sponsors, and host cities, offering a major monetary increase to the native financial system.
- Entry to worldwide markets and networks, facilitating commerce and commerce between host cities and sponsors.
- Elevated income for native companies, together with hospitality, retail, and leisure sectors.
Nevertheless, it is important to notice that the income sharing mannequin might be advanced, and host cities should fastidiously negotiate contracts with sponsors to make sure a good return on funding.
Paralympic Video games and Their Integration with the Olympics
The Paralympic Video games, a celebration of human achievement and resilience, have been an integral a part of the Olympic motion since their inception in 1960. The Paralympics goal to advertise incapacity sports activities and inclusion, pushing the boundaries of human potential. By incorporating Paralympic occasions into the Olympic Video games, we see a outstanding shift in the direction of selling range and inclusion, making the Olympics extra consultant and accessible to all.
The Origins and Aims of the Paralympic Video games
The Paralympic Video games had been born out of the necessity to create sporting alternatives for people with bodily disabilities. Dr. Ludwig Guttmann, a German-born British neurologist, performed a pivotal function in organizing the primary Paralympic Video games in Rome in 1960. Since then, the Paralympics have grown to turn out to be one of many world’s largest sporting occasions, with hundreds of athletes competing in varied disciplines. The first goal of the Paralympics is to supply a platform for individuals with bodily disabilities to showcase their athletic skills and encourage others with their outstanding achievements.
Integration of Paralympic Occasions with the Olympics
Lately, the Paralympic Video games have turn out to be an integral a part of the Olympic motion, with many Olympic venues and infrastructure being shared with the Paralympics. This integration has streamlined logistics and competitors codecs, making the occasion extra environment friendly and accessible for each Olympic and Paralympic athletes. The shared venues additionally create alternatives for athletes to compete in an identical surroundings, breaking down obstacles and fostering a way of unity amongst athletes from totally different disciplines.
Notable Athletes Who Have Transitioned Between Olympic and Paralympic Competitions
A number of excellent athletes have efficiently transitioned between Olympic and Paralympic competitions, showcasing their unimaginable adaptability and resilience. Examples embrace:
* Daniel Dias, a Brazilian swimmer who received 27 Paralympic medals and later competed within the 2016 Olympic Video games.
* Natalie du Toit, a South African swimmer who competed within the 2008 Paralympic Video games and later turned the primary amputee to qualify for the Olympic Video games in 2004.
* Oscar Pistorius, a South African sprinter who competed within the 2012 Olympic Video games and later received a number of Paralympic gold medals within the 400 meters and 4 x 400 meters relay occasions.
Medal Counts and Participation Charges: A Comparability of Olympic and Paralympic Video games
Whereas the Olympic Video games proceed to draw numerous opponents, the Paralympics have proven outstanding development when it comes to participation and medal counts. Within the 2016 Paralympic Video games, over 4,300 athletes from 160 nations participated, with a complete of 528 medals awarded. Compared, the 2016 Olympic Video games had round 10,500 athletes from 206 nations competing for a complete of 302 medals. The Paralympics have come a great distance in selling range and inclusion, and their continued development is a testomony to the ability of sports activities in bringing individuals collectively.
“The Paralympic Video games have the ability to encourage, to teach, and to empower individuals to take an lively function in selling inclusion and accessibility.” – Dr. Ludwig Guttmann, Founding father of the Paralympic Video games
Olympic Historical past and Its Connection to World Peace
The Olympic Video games have a protracted and wealthy historical past spanning over 2,700 years, with its origins relationship again to historical Greece. From its early days as an elite occasion for Greek residents to the trendy world celebration of sports activities and unity, the Olympics has undergone a major transformation. This transformation is a testomony to the ability of sports activities and human spirit to unite individuals from totally different backgrounds and cultures, contributing to worldwide diplomacy and cooperation.
The Evolution of the Olympics from an Elite Occasion to a World Celebration
Through the historical Olympic Video games, solely free-born Greeks had been allowed to take part, and the occasions had been primarily centered on Greek gods and goddesses. Nevertheless, with the revival of the Olympics within the late nineteenth century, the occasion regularly shifted its focus to worldwide participation and inclusivity. The Worldwide Olympic Committee (IOC) performed a vital function on this transformation, working to advertise the Olympics as a worldwide celebration of sports activities and unity.
The introduction of the trendy Olympic Video games in 1896 marked a major milestone on this transformation. The occasion was held in Athens, Greece, and featured athletes from 14 nations. Since then, the Olympics has grown in measurement and scope, with extra nations taking part and new occasions being added. The 1904 Summer time Olympics in St. Louis, Missouri, was the primary Olympics to function a real worldwide competitors, with athletes from 12 nations taking part.
The Position of Olympic Champions in Selling World Peace and Understanding
Olympic champions have performed a major function in selling world peace and understanding by their actions and statements. These champions have used their platform to lift consciousness about social and humanitarian points, encourage others, and promote unity and cooperation amongst nations.
Take, for instance, the story of Jesse Owens, who received 4 gold medals within the 1936 Summer time Olympics in Berlin, Germany. Owens’s outstanding efficiency got here at a time when Adolf Hitler was selling the thought of Aryan supremacy. Owens’s victory was seen as a strong rebuke to Hitler’s ideology, demonstrating the concept athletic achievement transcended racial and nationwide obstacles.
The Olympic Truce and its Contribution to Worldwide Diplomacy and Cooperation
The Olympic Truce is an historical custom that has been revived in trendy occasions to advertise peace and mutual respect amongst nations. The truce is a name for peace and cooperation amongst nations throughout the Olympic Video games and for a time frame earlier than and after the occasion.
The Olympic Truce has contributed considerably to worldwide diplomacy and cooperation by offering a platform for leaders from totally different nations to return collectively and talk about urgent points. The truce has additionally helped to construct bridges between nations, selling a tradition of understanding and respect.
Historical Olympic Truce and its Legacy
Through the historical Olympic Video games, a sacred truce was declared amongst all city-states in Greece. This truce was often known as the Ekecheiria, and it prohibited all wars and conflicts amongst Greek cities throughout the Olympic Video games. The Ekecheiria was thought of a sacred establishment, and any metropolis that broke the truce was topic to extreme penalties.
The legacy of the Ekecheiria might be seen within the trendy Olympic Truce. Right this moment, the truce is a name for peace and cooperation amongst nations, and it serves as a reminder of the ability of sports activities to unite individuals from totally different backgrounds and cultures.
Conclusion
The dialogue about trivia in regards to the Olympics has supplied an summary of the historical past, tradition, and sports activities of the video games, highlighting the importance of the Paralympic Video games and the influence of Olympic internet hosting on native economies.
The Olympics proceed to be a supply of inspiration, with athletes from around the globe competing in varied sports activities, and the video games offering a platform for cultural change and unity.
Questions and Solutions: Trivia About Olympics
What’s the oldest Olympic sport?
The oldest Olympic sport is wrestling, which has been included within the Olympic Video games since historical Greece.
What number of Olympic medals are awarded every year?
The variety of Olympic medals awarded every year varies, however on common, round 2,800 medals are awarded to athletes taking part within the Summer time and Winter Olympics.
What’s the Olympic Truce?
The Olympic Truce is a name for worldwide peace and unity, which dates again to historical Greece and remains to be noticed immediately.
Who’s probably the most profitable Olympic athlete?
Michael Phelps is probably the most profitable Olympic athlete, with a complete of 28 medals, together with 23 gold medals, received over 4 Olympic Video games.
What’s the Olympic slogan?
The Olympic slogan is “Citius, Altius, Fortius,” which is Latin for “Sooner, Larger, Stronger.”
What’s the Olympic flame?
The Olympic flame is an emblem of the Olympic Video games, lit throughout the opening ceremony and extinguished throughout the closing ceremony.
